This calculator uses Naismith's Rule, a time-tested hiking formula that accounts for horizontal distance and elevation gain. The base formula estimates 1 hour per 3 miles horizontally plus additional time for climbing—adjusted by your selected pace. Pace multipliers vary climbing rate and speed based on fitness level (Easy, Moderate, or Fast), and rest time is added on top. The result reflects average conditions on maintained trails.
Elevation gain is the total vertical distance climbed during your hike, not the final altitude reached. A 5-mile out-and-back hike with 1,000 feet of gain up counts as 2,000 feet total (1,000 up + 1,000 down), since descent is factored into climbing effort.
Climbing at altitude is much slower than walking flat ground. Naismith's Rule adds roughly 1 hour per 2,000 feet of elevation gain to account for the extra exertion and slower pace on steep sections.
Naismith's Rule is accurate within 10–20% for most hikers on typical trails. Factors like trail conditions, snow, rock scrambles, and personal fitness can shift actual time. Always add a safety margin (20–30%) and finish before dark.
Yes. This calculator assumes a loop or out-and-back hike. If your destination is one-way uphill, enter only the elevation gain. For loops, add both up and down, or use the one-way distance and double the elevation to approximate the total effort.
No. Naismith's Rule is designed for hiking on established trails in good weather. Technical climbing, scrambling, or winter snow climbing require different calculations and should be guided by experienced mountaineers.
Heavier packs (10+ lbs) will slow you down. Consider dropping from Moderate to Easy pace, or add 15–30 extra minutes per 10 lbs of gear. Multiply rest time by 1.5 if carrying overnight weight.
Estimate only. Results reflect your inputs and standard formulas. Double-check important decisions independently.